Section 4, the mountain rain is about to come
Do not forget that we still have the Soviet Union behind us! Zhang Xueliang said, According to intelligence, the Japanese Kwantung Army has recently sent people to Moscow to persuade the Soviet government to join them in jointly attacking and dividing Northeast China. The dictator in the Kremlin must also be hesitating, whether to cooperate with the Japanese army to divide Northeast China or to sit back and watch the tigers fight, then enjoy the benefits as a fisherman. Therefore, our army still has 3 cavalry brigades and 3 infantry divisions, totaling more than 60,000 troops, along with a large number of reserve forces being constrained along the banks of the Heilong River.
Upon hearing Wang Yizhe's urgent and brief report over the phone, Zhang Xueliang immediately felt wide awake, his blood surging through his body, and his heart racing in his chest. After taking a deep breath, Zhang Xueliang shouted into the microphone, "Wang Yizhe! I command you! Hit them back hard!" Dropping the microphone, Zhang Xueliang walked to the window, facing the cool night breeze as he gazed at the vast starry sky. He felt a surge of vigor and shouted in his heart, "Damn it! It's been five years! You little devils have finally come!"
The highest commander has fallen. Colonel Endo, who took over from Ishikawa, watched in distress as his subordinates charged towards the Northeast Army amidst the flames, only to be swiftly shot down. After a moment of hesitation, he ordered a halt to the offensive and commanded a defensive stance. He was acutely aware that the over one thousand soldiers of the garrison battalion could not possibly contend with a fully organized division of the Northeast Army. The original order given to the troops was to "provoke an incident," and they had already "exceeded expectations" in this regard. However, the scale of the incident had far surpassed the scope outlined by their superiors, and they had paid a price that was several times heavier than anticipated.
To the Headquarters of the Kwantung Army: Our three garrison battalions launched an attack on the position of the enemy's 107th Division of the Northeast Army. The officers and soldiers fought valiantly, but the enemy is one of the five main divisions of the Northeast Army, equipped with advanced weaponry and possessing exceptionally high individual combat quality. Additionally, they have heavy artillery units providing support to suppress our fire, resulting in significant casualties on our side, making it difficult to break through their firepower net. Our artillery units have also suffered severe losses, with a total of 6 cannons destroyed. Currently, our forces have sustained over half of their personnel as casualties. We fear that exposure to enemy fire after dawn will lead to even greater losses, thus I have ordered a temporary withdrawal of our troops, awaiting further instructions. We fear that exposure to enemy fire after dawn will lead to even greater losses, thus I have ordered a temporary withdrawal of our troops, awaiting further instructions. — Colonel Shimizu Weisan, Independent 3rd Garrison Battalion
Ishihara and others were moved to tears, saying: "Commander-in-Chief—"
To conquer China, one must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia. If one wishes to conquer the world, one must first conquer China. If China can be completely conquered by our country, then other nations, such as those in Central Asia and the Indian Archipelago, will surely fear, respect, and submit to us, and the world will recognize East Asia as our East Asia, never daring to infringe upon us. Rong Zhen recited this, his mouth agape in astonishment. If China can be completely conquered by our country, then other nations, such as those in Central Asia and the Indian Archipelago, will surely fear, respect, and submit to us, and the world will recognize East Asia as our East Asia, never daring to infringe upon us. Rong Zhen recited this, his mouth agape in astonishment
The crowd was filled with indignation; at first, they managed to control their emotions, but as the conversation continued, they began to shout and curse.
Everyone cast their eager gazes over.
At this time, public opinion across the nation is outraged by Japan's military buildup in Northeast China, which is perceived as an intention to invade. Articles condemning Japan's brutal interference in China by prominent figures from various sectors are flooding the newspapers. Major cities with radical ideologies, such as Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beiping, and Shenyang, have already ignited a "Anti-Japanese" wave. Patriotic citizens at the Shanghai port are collectively burning Japanese goods, and incidents of clashes between indignant students and Japanese expatriates are becoming increasingly common. The civil tensions between China and Japan have reached an unprecedented level of sharpness. Zhang Xueliang understands that he is once again at the historical forefront. Although he already knows the outcome, he still telegraphed Nanjing on the 27th to inquire about countermeasures.
Lieutenant Hebon Masamichi, the commander of the Liaotiao Lake Detachment of the Japanese Kwantung Army's Railway Guard, led his small team under the pretext of patrolling the railway and quietly set up an ambush here for three hours. Hebon and his men understood that their superiors were about to assign them a momentous task, one that would impact the history of the Greater Japanese Empire. If successful, they would be remembered as heroes of the Yamato nation, forever etched in history. Behind them, in the dense forest, thousands of Kwantung Army officers and soldiers gripped their rifles tightly, silently awaiting the moment to launch their attack. Hebon and his men understood that their superiors were about to assign them a momentous task, one that would impact the history of the Greater Japanese Empire. If successful, they would be remembered as heroes of the Yamato nation, forever etched in history. Behind them, in the dense forest, thousands of Kwantung Army officers and soldiers gripped their rifles tightly, silently awaiting the moment to launch their attack
October 15, 1933, late at night. The North East Army's 107th Infantry Division is stationed at Beidaying in the western suburbs of Shenyang
What kind of joke is this! What kind of command is this! No resistance? Are we supposed to just stick our necks out for the Japanese to chop off?
The explosives were quickly set up on the railway tracks, and the bodies were dragged to the edge of the railway embankment. Everything went smoothly, without being discovered by the Northeast Army sentries or the Chinese patrol soldiers. Heben let out a gentle sigh of relief and swiftly led everyone back to their hiding place, leaving behind Lieutenant Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, a skilled engineer who would be responsible for detonating the explosives
Currently, our well-trained militia reserve force consists of approximately 500,000 personnel, who are dispersed across various regions in Northeast China to assist the main divisions that are short on troops in guarding strategic locations. In contrast, the Japanese army can mobilize about 2 million well-trained reserves nationwide. Moreover, the equipment of our militia reserves is outdated, having been eliminated from the main forces, which creates a significant gap compared to the Japanese forces. Once engaged in battle, we would need at least 5,000 reserve troops to counter every 1,000 Japanese soldiers," Yu Xuezhong said, shaking his head. Furthermore, the equipment of our militia reserves is outdated, having been eliminated from the main forces, which creates a significant gap compared to the Japanese forces. Once engaged in battle, we would need at least 5,000 reserve troops to counter every 1,000 Japanese soldiers," Yu Xuezhong said, shaking his head.
Our army will establish 3 field armies to defend against the invading Japanese forces. After announcing this in dry military terms, Zhang Xueliang had two colonel-level aides enter and distribute sealed envelopes to everyone, ensuring that no one was left out. "The operational arrangements for each of you are inside; please take them back and coordinate with the border defense department," Zhang Xueliang explained, noting that this was to prevent the overall operational plan from being leaked to the Japanese due to too many people knowing about it. Suddenly, Zhang Xueliang felt as if he were Zhuge Liang bestowing the 'Green Dragon' and 'White Tiger' strategies upon his subordinates.
Coldly observing the quarrel between the Army Headquarters and the Cabinet, General Daijō Sōsei swiftly shifted the focus entirely towards Yoshinori Shirakawa with just a few words: "I beseech Your Majesty to think carefully! If the imperial government and the military punish the Kwantung Army, it would be tantamount to indicating that the empire fears the Northeast Government. What face would the empire have left in the international arena?"
The imperial army is invincible! Gazing at the magnificent and imposing spirit of the Japanese forces, generals such as Mutō Nobuyoshi felt a surge of unwavering confidence, akin to the blinding red sun in the eastern sky
At the break of dawn, the Kwantung Army Advisory Department in Shenyang and the Kwantung Army Headquarters in Dalian, including figures such as Itagaki Seishiro and Mutō Nobuyoshi, awaited the front-line reports with great confidence. Mutō had even ordered preparations to relocate the Kwantung Army Headquarters to Shenyang, as they believed that under the formidable might of the Imperial Japanese Army, the weak Chinese forces would surely retreat step by step or even surrender without a fight. Based on past experiences, the Kwantung Army soldiers, when drinking and causing disturbances, had never faced significant resistance from the Northeast Army. How much more so now, when suddenly confronted with the full-scale assault of the Kwantung Army? Shenyang, Yingkou, Andong, Tieling, and even the entire Liaoning and Northeast regions were merely ripe peaches waiting to be picked for the Kwantung Army.
Mutō Nobuyoshi silently walked to the telephone, closed his eyes, and sat quietly for a moment before opening them. He said, "As the Supreme Commander of the Kwantung Army, I shall bear responsibility for any actions taken by my subordinates." At that moment, Mutō Nobuyoshi exuded the demeanor of a dignified elder. He picked up the phone and listened to Sakaguchi's embellished report, finally suppressing the excitement that had surfaced on his face, and casually remarked, "You can handle it as you see fit!" This was tantamount to tacit approval of Sakaguchi's military actions.
Feng Yuxiang, a leader of the Northwest Army with the heart of a standard soldier, always held a mutual respect for Zhang Xueliang of the Northeast Army. Upon seeing Chen and He both advocating for the punishment of Zhang Xueliang, he expressed his displeasure, stating: "This matter should be clear to any discerning person; it is the Japanese who deliberately provoked the incident. Zhang Xueliang, as a commander defending the nation, bravely resisted the enemy's invasion with his troops, and he is deserving of the nation's respect! He has no shame before the central government! He should be rewarded instead. If such actions are to be punished, would that not chill the hearts of commanders across the nation? I do not understand what fault Zhang Xueliang has committed. I would appreciate it if Minister He could clarify!"
Some individuals display a contemplative expression on their faces, while others appear bewildered
In a small conference room at the headquarters of the Kwantung Army, several candles were lit without turning on the electric lights. The flickering candlelight dimly illuminated the room, adding an eerie atmosphere to the space. "Commander! What should we do now?" said Mitsuharu Miyake, his expression tense. "Currently, both sides are engaged in fierce combat, but the First Brigade is unable to hold its ground against the overwhelming numbers of the Northeast Army!"
Zhang Xueliang slowly said: "The 'Tanaka Memorial' is a secret memorial presented to Emperor Showa by Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi on July 25, 1927. It was riskily copied and smuggled out of the Japanese imperial palace by our patriots Cai Zhikan and Wang Jiazhen. I have a copy here; you may take a look." As he spoke, he tossed out a document.
Oh, according to General Feng's intention, should we just let Zhang Xueliang cause trouble everywhere, while the central government cleans up the mess for him?" He Yingqin retorted
Chiang Kai-shek, with his hands clasped behind his back, slowly paced back and forth on the impeccably clean office floor. The prominent members of the Kuomintang, such as Chen Cheng and He Yingqin, could all discern that the highest authorities were embroiled in intense internal conflict
Not far away, Colonel Ishikawa of the Independent Guard First Brigade of the Kwantung Army suddenly stood up, his gleaming command sword reflecting a chilling white light under the moonlight: "Warriors of the Empire of Japan! Charge!"
The telephone in the Japanese Kwantung Army Advisory Office in Shenyang rang
This is a misunderstanding between the two armies! I am a senior diplomatic officer! I enjoy diplomatic immunity! I demand to see General Zhang and Commander Mutō!" Sakagaki continued to shout relentlessly.
The "Ming" operation plan is ambitious, with the ultimate goal of capturing the heart of Northeast China—Shenyang. Among them, the Japanese 3rd Division will advance westward along the Bohai Bay, aiming to seize Panjin, Huludao, and Jinzhou, thereby cutting off the Northeast Army's reinforcements from Rehe, Chahar, and Suiyuan to Shenyang. The 7th Division will insert into eastern Liaoning to capture Andong, opening up a waterway from Korea to Northeast China. This way, the Japanese forces in Korea will be able to provide continuous material support to the Japanese troops operating in Northeast China through the route of "Sinuiiju-Andong." The central Japanese forces, personally commanded by Mutō Nobuyoshi, consist of the 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 9th Divisions, along with an independent mixed brigade, tasked with capturing Shenyang.
Commander! Please give the order! Order the Second Division to provide reinforcements!" Tohei Hara Kenji urged. There are regulations within the Kwantung Army that when an independent garrison unit and local Chinese troops come into conflict, it is necessary to dispatch the Second Division to the vicinity of Shenyang for armed mediation
Enough of this nonsense! All your little tricks and schemes are under the surveillance of our security department brothers! Bring these Japanese pigs away! And search this place thoroughly!" Liu Duoquan said impatiently
The officers were in an uproar, "The Japanese have gone mad!" "They actually want to swallow the world!"
At this moment, Wang Yizhe, the commander of the 107th Division of the Northeast Army, was reviewing military documents when he suddenly heard a thunderous sound echoing through the night. His years of battlefield experience immediately led him to determine that it was not the sound of artillery but rather an explosion. Almost simultaneously, the cries of battle tore through the night, rapidly approaching from a distance. In the military camp, the booming of artillery and continuous explosions erupted, and flames shot up instantly. The panicked soldiers ran back and forth in confusion. "What is happening?" Wang Yizhe sternly asked Zhao Zhenfan, the chief of staff, who rushed in.
Chiang Kai-shek nodded slightly in approval and said: "Jiansheng's words are reasonable. Let us respond to Zhang Xueliang and the Japanese government accordingly, striving to minimize this matter. The primary task of the Nationalist Army at present is still to focus all efforts on encircling and exterminating the Zhu-Mao Communist bandits! Currently, the Communist bandits have been recaptured by the Nationalist Army in the Jiangxi red zone, and their main forces are fleeing towards several southwestern provinces. The campaign against the bandits is already more than halfway complete, but we must not let our guard down; we must continue to exert ourselves and make a concerted effort to completely eliminate the Communist bandits! As for the Japanese side, let Cixiu take full responsibility for the negotiations." After speaking, his gaze fell upon a government document printed with the Rising Sun emblem, and he could not help but feel a deep sense of disgust
Retreat, we can save our lives, but we will become the national sinners who abandon our compatriots and homeland! Resist, for we may face a two-front assault from the Kuomintang army and the Japanese forces. I just want to say, even if we fail, we will die with honor! Because we have no shame in the honor and duty of being soldiers, and we have even less shame in being upright Chinese citizens!" Zhang Xueliang suddenly stood up, raised his right hand into a fist, "Everyone! Let us fight for the Chinese nation!" Because we have no shame in the honor and duty of being soldiers, and we have even less shame in being upright Chinese citizens!" Zhang Xueliang suddenly stood up, raised his right hand into a fist, "Everyone! Let us fight for the Chinese nation!"
Commander! The Kwantung Army is attacking us! Their artillery is bombarding our camp! Zhao Zhenfan exclaimed in alarm yet remained composed, sweat streaming down his face as he spoke urgently
Kawamoto and others anxiously watched the busy mountain pass under the moonlight. Soon, a figure rolled down the railway embankment, darting to a safe location like an agile leopard.
It is still advisable not to expand, otherwise it will bring great instability to the situation in Northeast China
"Not bad, not bad! Mr. Sakagami, your brilliant performance and outstanding military command skills last night truly deserve your titles as a senior staff officer and senior advisor!" The commander of the capture operation—Liu Duoquan, who wore shiny leather boots, a neatly tailored major general's uniform, and white gloves—looked at this henchman of the Kwantung Army and sneered, his words dripping with blatant sarcasm
On October 26, Zhang Xueliang issued a telegram nationwide and delivered a broadcast speech to all of Northeast China. He dramatically changed his previous submissive attitude towards the Nanjing government, resolutely declaring his refusal to execute the Nanjing central government's "non-resistance" order, vowing to fight to the last soldier of the Northeast Army to defend the homeland. At the same time, Zhang Xueliang unreservedly published Chiang Kai-shek's telegram verbatim on the front page of the Northeast Daily. After doing all this, Zhang Xueliang understood that in his fight against the Japanese invaders, he was not only demonstrating his determination but had also severed ties with Chiang Kai-shek's group in Nanjing.
"What do you mean by this? I am a senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army! I am also a senior military advisor to General Zhang!" exclaimed Seishiro Itagaki in a panic.
A major incident has occurred! Chief of Staff Miyake wore a tense expression as he hurriedly handed the telegram to everyone for circulation. Upon hearing that the Kwantung Army had already engaged in battle with the Northeast Army, everyone was taken aback and began to discuss among themselves. "Everyone, quickly join me to meet Commander Mutō! We will follow his orders!" Miyake said.
To stand against tenfold enemies with one's own strength, is this not the essence of the imperial army's sincerity and courage?
From the above feeble report, it is evident that the Kanto Army's garrison suffered heavy losses under the fierce assault of the 107th Division. The Independent Fourth Garrison Battalion was ambushed by the Northeast Army's 102nd Infantry Division while attacking Yingkou, with a mere battalion of over 1,300 men being ambushed by an elite regiment of a reorganized division from the Northeast Army. The situation of the battle is something that Wuteng Nobuyoshi and others could easily surmise. When the Independent Fifth Garrison Battalion was ordered to attack Dandong, the Northeast Army's 106th Infantry Division had long been waiting there. The Independent Fourth Garrison Battalion was ambushed by the Northeast Army's 102nd Infantry Division while attacking Yingkou, with a mere battalion of over 1,300 men being ambushed by an elite regiment of a reorganized division from the Northeast Army. The situation of the battle is something that Wuteng Nobuyoshi and others could easily surmise. When the Independent Fifth Garrison Battalion was ordered to attack Dandong, the Northeast Army's 106th Infantry Division had long been waiting there. The Japanese Second Division, which bore the hopes of the Kanto Army, encountered resistance from the Northeast Army's 101st and 105th Divisions while attacking Shenyang. After the vanguard troops were bombarded by the Northeast Army's heavy artillery regiment, Division Commander Tamon Niirou surprisingly did not dare to advance any further. The Japanese Second Division, which bore the hopes of the Kanto Army, encountered resistance from the Northeast Army's 101st and 105th Divisions while attacking Shenyang. After the vanguard troops were bombarded by the Northeast Army's heavy artillery regiment, Division Commander Tamon Niirou surprisingly did not dare to advance any further
What do you think are the weaknesses of the Japanese army
On August 18, Nobuyoshi Mutō and others finally received a telegram from the Northeast. The first three telegrams were sent respectively from the Minister of the Army, the Chief of Staff, and the Army Headquarters, each increasingly severe in tone, reprimanding the Kwantung Army for its poor performance in battle, and for tarnishing the honor of the Empire with heavy losses. This left Mutō and his colleagues feeling alarmed. However, Mutō also keenly noticed that all three telegrams contained only admonitions and did not include any actual punitive measures against him or the senior leadership of the Kwantung Army, which led him to harbor a sense of relief. Soon, another telegram arrived in his hands, sent by Kinsuke Hashimoto, the head of the Russian Intelligence Section of the General Staff, in a personal capacity. The content of the telegram filled Mutō with ecstatic joy. Hashimoto directly informed Mutō, "The military's attitude is merely for show to the Diet and the Cabinet; in fact, the military is tacitly approving and condoning the Kwantung Army's further plans. General Yoshinori Shirakawa has already ordered the dispatch of five divisions to the Northeast for reinforcements." Overjoyed, Mutō and his colleagues shouted, "Long live the Emperor!" After suffering a disastrous defeat to the Northeast Army, the entire Kwantung Army was eager to redeem its honor. This battle marked the largest loss for the Japanese military since the Russo-Japanese War, and they had been defeated by the Northeast Army, which they had previously regarded as a foe to be avoided. The proud Kwantung Army considered itself an elite force of the Imperial Army and could not swallow this humiliation.
Wang Shuchang, with meticulous attention to detail, approached and saluted with a standard military gesture, stating: "The 6 divisions of the Japanese army participating in the war are among the 17 permanent divisions in Japan, well-equipped and rigorously trained, and can be considered elite. Since the reorganization of our army at the end of 1928, all 25 main infantry divisions have completed the replacement of their new equipment. Our air force has only about 50 new fighter planes and 100 old fighter planes available for combat. We have successively imported T-28 series medium tanks from the Soviet Union, but due to reasons on the Soviet side, the number of our new tanks is currently scarce, allowing us to equip less than 3 tank battalions. However, our light weapons have an advantage in firepower compared to the Japanese army. Our Type 30 rifles surpass the Japanese Type 38 rifles in terms of magazine capacity, range, and firing speed. Due to the vigorous development of our artillery forces, we currently possess 15 heavy artillery regiments, equipped with 130mm cannons, 150mm howitzers, and 180mm howitzers, as well as a small number of 240mm railway guns, with both quantity and firepower capable of competing with the Japanese army."
Zhang Xueliang's gaze was piercing: "Print one million copies of this 'Tianzhong Memorial'. Not only should it be circulated within the Northeast Army! It should also be posted on the streets, and read aloud to every person in Northeast China and every Chinese person! Let the entire army, all of Northeast China, the whole country, and the entire world know the wolfish ambitions of the Japanese!"
On the night of the 15th at 10:35 PM, the brutal Chinese army (identified as the 107th Division of the Northeast Army) suddenly and without cause destroyed a section of the South Manchuria Railway near Liuzhou Lake. A patrol unit led by Lieutenant He Benmo, which was nearby, rushed to the scene upon hearing the explosion in order to ascertain the cause of the incident. However, they were ambushed by the Chinese army, suffering heavy casualties. The He Benmo unit requested assistance from the nearby Independent First Garrison Battalion, which has now arrived at the scene and is engaged in fierce combat with the Chinese army. Colonel Ishikawa has heroically sacrificed his life for the country.
The officers' gazes were like torches as they raised their right fists together: "For the Chinese nation, fight!"
The passionate generals of the Northeast Army rose one after another, raised their right fists, and shouted: "For the Chinese nation, fight!"
Everyone was astonished, and Rong Zhen stammered, "Family feud! Could it be that the old commander is—"
In Lüshun, Japanese warplanes thundered through the sky like a dense cloud, while the roar of armored vehicles echoed on the ground. Following the rolling tide of iron was the formidable Japanese army, marching north in a tightly organized formation, their harmonious singing resonating through the air: "Under the morning glow, we roam freely! The mountains and rivers rise and fall endlessly! Our elite forces are strong and mighty! May the people of our allied nations enjoy everlasting peace and prosperity!"
The deafening explosion served as a signal, and the soldiers of the Independent Guard First Brigade of the Kwantung Army, who were lying in ambush, howled and sprang into action. Almost simultaneously, various units of the Kwantung Army, which were conducting "routine patrols and armed exercises" nearby, surged toward the position of the 107th Division, with groups of shadowy figures swaying under the moonlight. Meanwhile, in the distance, the artillery of the Kwantung Army hastily removed the camouflage tarpaulins from their cannons, and shells were rapidly loaded, whistling through the night sky along a trajectory that had been precisely calculated, accurately striking the Northern Camp.
Gazing at the historically renowned "Non-Resistance Order" issued by Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Xueliang smiled, acknowledging that what was inevitable had finally arrived. He smiled bitterly, pondering why the Chinese tend to deceive themselves. The enemy's cannons are already aimed at you, yet you still cling to the illusion of resolving matters at the negotiation table. Why choose non-resistance? Why endure? Where do the League of Nations' principles come from? Is there any principle in this world? What matters is whose fist is stronger! You still cling to the illusion of resolving matters at the negotiation table. Why choose non-resistance? Why endure? Where do the League of Nations' principles come from? Is there any principle in this world? What matters is whose fist is stronger! That is the principle. At present, the Japanese army numbers only a few hundred thousand, while the grand and vast China possesses millions of troops, yet it is still mired in a life-and-death civil war under the guns of the Japanese? Why is this? Zhang Xueliang could only feel the blood boiling in his chest.
You ... ... '' He Yingqin's face changed color.
The Japanese army, whose manpower and firepower were inferior to that of the Northeast Army, foolishly and stubbornly launched one attack after another before dawn. However, each time they faced the fierce counterattacks from the soldiers of the 107th Division, they left behind large numbers of corpses in vain. Throughout the night of chaotic fighting, both sides engaged in gun battles and artillery duels, and at certain collision points, close-quarters combat also broke out, but each time it ended with the Northeast Army gaining the upper hand. If it were not for Zhang Xueliang's order of "defend only, do not attack," the entire 107th Division might have already swallowed the Japanese troops opposite them. Exhausted and helpless, the Japanese garrison had no choice but to cease this futile loss of life by dawn.
Wang Shuchang mechanically compared the equipment of both sides' forces using purely numerical data such as the Air Force, individual weapons, artillery, and the number of troops
Everyone nodded in agreement
By the end of October, the Japanese army had successfully transported five main army divisions to Lushun in Northeast China. Mutō Nobuyoshi's strength significantly increased, as he now commanded six reorganized divisions and an independent mixed brigade. In addition to the Second Division, which had always belonged to the Kwantung Army series, the Japanese military allocated the Third Division, Fifth Division, Seventh Division, Eighth Division, and Ninth Division. The five original independent garrison battalions of the former Kwantung Army, which had been severely damaged by the Northeast Army, were previously reorganized into the Independent 5th Mixed Brigade. Furthermore, there was the Independent 1st Tank Brigade and support from the Army's 1st Aviation Division. Mutō Nobuyoshi, having shaken off the despair following the "August 15 Incident," immediately became filled with ambition. The Japanese military simultaneously appointed General Mutō Nobuyoshi as the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army, responsible for the military operations to "end the Northeast Incident."
The immense response from the people of Northeast China and their support for the government and military left Zhang Xueliang momentarily at a loss, only to be unable to hold back his tears of joy. These are the fathers and elders of Northeast China! These are the people of Northeast China who were abandoned and became stateless for a full fourteen years!
As a general stationed at the border, one should rise up and resist when foreign enemies invade! As the saying goes, a general in the field is not bound by military orders!" Zhang Xueliang declared resolutely
The telephone in Zhang Xueliang's study rang suddenly, its sharp sound piercing the stillness of the deep night. Startled awake from his drowsy state, Zhang Xueliang, who was still working, jumped up abruptly.
Ladies and gentlemen, this battle is not easy to fight; we are truly isolated and without support. However, please do not forget our oath—"Zhang Xueliang felt a surge of emotion and unease, for history has indeed been altered to the point where he could no longer be 'clairvoyant.' He truly did not know where he would lead these people. "Here, I declare that I, Zhang Xueliang, will never survive in this world after the complete fall of Northeast China!" Zhang Xueliang clenched his fists tightly, determined to erase the infamous label of the 'non-resisting general' once and for all.
The Northeast Incident should not be dealt with impulsively. The actions of the Japanese army in Shenyang can be regarded as a local event. Your department must avoid military conflict to prevent the situation from escalating. In times of crisis, it is essential to yield. All negotiations with Japan should await instructions from the central government. The diplomatic matters in Nanjing will adopt a delaying strategy to seek justice, leaving the resolution to the League of Nations. Currently, the primary focus domestically remains on eliminating the 'Zhu-Mao' communists. It is important to understand that to repel external threats, one must first ensure internal stability. One must not allow minor grievances to disrupt major plans.
Wutō Nobuyoshi, dressed in a pristine and impeccably tailored general's uniform, seemed unable to make up his mind and did not speak
The telephone at the Japanese Kwantung Army Headquarters in Lüshun rang!
Zhang Xueliang cast a glance at the various generals, and from the expressions on their faces, it was evident that some still supported Rong Zhen's conservative compromise. It seems that the time has come to dispel such notions. "Do you know about the 'Tianzhong Memorial'?"
The soldiers of the guard regiment surged forward, binding Itagaki Seishiro and others tightly like a bundle of zongzi and tossing them onto the military vehicle. At the same time, Japanese officials such as Morishima from the Japanese Consulate in Shenyang were also ordered to be arrested by Zhang Xueliang on the grounds of espionage.
Arrogant and overconfident! Proud and underestimating the enemy! Wang Shuchang often exclaimed, "Their audacious attempt to annex Northeast China with merely a division of troops is evident of their arrogance. They consider themselves invincible and completely underestimate our army's strength and determination to fight to the end! This will surely lead to the Japanese army's defeat due to their arrogance!"
"Young Marshal! It is not that I am afraid of death, but if we unilaterally engage in war with the Kwantung Army, what will be Nanjing's stance? What will be the international reaction?" Rong Zhen said with a serious expression, "If Japan escalates the situation and uses the strength of Northeast China, it will be difficult to contend with all of Japan."
At 10:38, a thunderous roar accompanied by a towering fireball erupted like a bolt from the blue, illuminating the surrounding area within a radius of several kilometers in an instant
However, Seishiro Sakagaki's nightmare was yet to come. Just as he was stunned by the "glorious achievements" of the Kwantung Army, the door of the Kwantung Army's Senior Advisory Bureau in Shenyang was violently kicked open. Two menacing Renault R-17 tanks provided cover as a battalion of Northeast Army officers and soldiers stormed in, swiftly taking control of all the so-called "senior advisors" and guards who were acting as internal spies for the Kwantung Army.
Your Excellency the Commander-in-Chief! This is a moment that will create the history of the Greater Japanese Empire! Ishihara Kan'ichi urged with stirring words. Mutō looked towards the assembled staff, his gaze seemingly inquiring what should be done now. The staff gathered together and began to discuss quietly. At that moment, a staff officer, unaware of the situation, hurriedly approached Mutō Nobuyoshi to report: "Sakagaki has sent a message, stating that he has engaged the Chinese army without your permission!"
Nanjing, Presidential Palace
On November 1, in the basement conference hall of the Northeast Army Border Defense Headquarters in Shenyang, under the bright lights, senior officers of the Northeast Army gathered together. Zhang Xueliang was nervously convening a pre-war military meeting, as war was imminent, and he indeed felt a bit tense. As for why a basement the size of a basketball court was excavated under the Border Defense Headquarters to serve as a conference hall, the idea primarily stemmed from Zhang Xueliang's fear of being targeted for a 'decapitation' operation by the Japanese army. Currently, the air force and air defense capabilities of the Northeast Army were not very strong. If the Japanese army learned through spies that Zhang Xueliang and a group of Northeast Army leaders were gathered for a meeting, they could send a few bombers on a long-range mission to level the Border Defense Headquarters. If that happened, the Northeast would essentially be left leaderless and finished.
The Japanese military is filled with a fanatical spirit of bushido in loyalty to the Emperor, while our troops are defending our homeland with high morale! This point is a draw
When the conflict came to an end, the sky was already bright. In the Northeast Border Defense Headquarters, the senior generals of the Northeast Army who had been ordered to attend the meeting, except for those who had directly participated in the battle last night, were mostly just learning about the events of the previous night. Everyone was taken aback.
Deputy Commander Zhang's words are misguided! Liang Zhongjia shook his head and said, "Although our army's overall strength exceeds that of the Japanese forces, we cannot deploy all of it to the battlefield. The troops stationed in Rehe, Chahar, Suiyuan, and the Pingjin area cannot be easily mobilized. The Central Army outside the Great Wall has already received orders from Chiang Kai-shek to closely monitor us, and it is very likely that they will stab us in the back and take advantage of the situation. In this way, 7 divisions, nearly 100,000 men of our army will be held back by Chiang Kai-shek, and once the fighting breaks out, a portion of the Japanese forces will likely cut off the route for these 7 divisions to reinforce Shenyang."
Kawamoto and others slowly rose, bending at the waist, dragging three corpses dressed in Northeast Army uniforms and several packages of high explosives towards the predetermined explosion site. The planned detonation point was located less than 800 meters from the Northeast Army's 107th Division's garrison, making it easier to pin the incident on the 107th Division
Emperor Hirohito sat quietly at a high position, overlooking the ministers below, his expression grave and speaking very little. A court minister beside him spoke up to inquire: "Your Majesty learned of the large-scale armed conflict between the Kwantung Army and the Northeast Army the day before yesterday, which resulted in significant losses. Today, I have summoned the ministers to discuss countermeasures. I hope all of you will speak freely to alleviate Your Majesty's concerns and share the burden. " The Japanese Imperial Conference is typically convened to discuss major issues; however, the Emperor himself rarely speaks, and inquiries are usually made by the court ministers on his behalf. This has become a tradition, reflecting the Emperor's supreme dignity. Yet, the Emperor himself rarely speaks, and inquiries are usually made by the court ministers on his behalf. This has become a tradition, reflecting the Emperor's supreme dignity.
The night enveloped the earth like a heavy cloth, with dense fields of sorghum stretching into the distance, merging with the horizon. The surroundings were silent, interrupted only by the occasional calls of unknown insects and birds, breaking the tranquility of the night like water. The bright moonlight spilled over the land, faintly illuminating a group of shadows lurking in the depression by the roadside.
The crowd exclaimed in anger, "The old Russian who is turned upside down by the wind!"
"Your Majesty, the cause of the Northeast Incident is due to the actions of the Kwantung Army stationed in Manchuria, which acted independently without heeding the orders of the government and the military. Now, with significant losses in personnel and resources, the Empire has suffered greatly. I believe that we should take measures to rectify the leadership of the Kwantung Army as a warning to others," stated Prime Minister Saito Makoto as the first to express his views.
Finally, Chiang Kai-shek gently tapped a corner of the hard red pine desk with a soft "thud," and sighed in a tone of helplessness, "This Zhang Hanqing is truly audacious!"
The Japanese have finally taken action! Liang Zhongjia slammed the table, his words imbued with endless emotion. There was indignation, determination, and even a hint of anticipation
On August 25, while both governments were still engaged in diplomatic games internationally, the Japanese government brazenly announced that it would increase its military presence in Northeast China due to the lack of sincerity from both the Northeast and Nanjing governments in apologizing to the Empire of Japan for the "Northeast Incident." In the Bohai Sea, two Japanese naval fleets, led by the heavy aircraft carriers "Akagi" and "Kaga," each weighing 35,000 tons, were cutting through the waves, shuttling between the Japanese mainland and Dalian, with carrier-based aircraft filling the skies, escorting transport vessels loaded with Japanese army personnel. The Japanese fleet's massive naval guns bombarded coastal cities in Northeast China. Upon receiving intelligence about the Japanese military's troop increase, Zhang Xueliang immediately declared a state of emergency in Northeast China, while mobilizing local governments to organize the evacuation of civilians from southern Liaoning to the north. At the same time, government institutions and important factory facilities in the southern Liaoning region were dismantled and transported north.
Currently, the Japanese army is gathering in the areas of Lüshun, Xiong Yue, and Zhuanghe on the Liaodong Peninsula, and the plan for transporting troops from the homeland is nearing completion. According to the intelligence we have received, the Japanese forces consist of six organized divisions: the 2nd Division, commanded by Major General Nonomura Niro; the 3rd Division, commanded by Major General Wakayama Yoshitaro; the 5th Division, commanded by Major General Ninomiya Harushige; the 7th Division, commanded by Major General Sugihara Miyo; the 8th Division, commanded by Major General Watanabe Yodotaro; and the 9th Division, commanded by Major General Inaba Shirou. In addition, there is the Independent Mixed 5th Brigade, which is formed from five independent defense battalions of the former Kwantung Army, commanded by Brigadier General Kanda Masatane, with a total strength of approximately 150,000 men. Furthermore, there is the Independent 1st Tank Battalion and the Army's 2nd Air Force, as well as support from two Japanese aircraft carrier fleets operating in the Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay. Zhang Xueliang used military terminology that is somewhat colloquial and not very standard to present this main intelligence regarding the Japanese army. However, the generals present were all deeply focused on contemplating the situation of the battle, and at that moment, no one paid attention to this issue with him.
How does the morale of the troops on both sides compare?
Young Marshal! You wouldn't actually carry out this absurd order, would you?" Yu Xuezhong looked at Zhang Xueliang, who had been silently staring at the crowd while cursing, with a mixture of suspicion and uncertainty
"Well said!" Zhang Zuoxiang applauded, "This is how the Young Marshal embodies the passionate spirit of a Northeastern man! Eating the hard-earned wages of the common people in Northeast China, yet failing to stand up in critical moments—what kind of man is that!"
A train was rushing towards the distance, and the crowd widened their eyes, waiting for the moment the train would overturn. Unexpectedly, a miracle occurred; the train actually wobbled past the damaged railway. The initial plan was to derail the train, luring the 107th Division of the Northeast Army to come out and rescue the injured passengers, thus further discrediting the Northeast Army for damaging the South Manchuria Railway. However, this did not succeed, and now a direct assault is the only option left. The initial plan was to derail the train, luring the 107th Division of the Northeast Army to come out and rescue the injured passengers, thus further discrediting the Northeast Army for damaging the South Manchuria Railway. However, this did not succeed, and now a direct assault is the only option left
Then, the actual combat strength of our army was only about 200,000, which did not provide a significant advantage compared to the Japanese army, Yu Xuezhong summarized
Zhang Xueliang's announcement and broadcast quickly spread across the country, creating a tremendous uproar. The intensity of the public response in Northeast China and nationwide far exceeded his expectations. The people of Northeast China spontaneously organized large-scale demonstrations to protest against Japanese military aggression and the Nanjing government's order of non-resistance, while also supporting Zhang Xueliang's resolute stance on resistance. In cities such as Shenyang, Chengde, Beijing, Tianjin, Changchun, Harbin, and Qiqihar, tens of thousands of patriotic citizens and passionate students gathered, shouting patriotic slogans like "Expel the Japanese invaders! Defend our homeland!" "Refuse to execute the 'non-resistance' order!" and "Long live the Northeast Army!" Military leaders from the five provinces of Rehe, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Chahar, and Suiyuan rushed to submit petitions requesting to be transferred to Shenyang to participate in the fight against Japan. Various business associations and enterprises in Northeast provinces spontaneously formed the "Anti-Japanese Military Fund Preparation Committee," with newly prosperous entrepreneurs and citizens generously donating funds to support the Northeast Army's operations. Private factories called on workers to continue production on their days off to provide supplies for the troops. Farmers, herders, and fishermen voluntarily sold grain, fish, and meat to the government at low prices to be sent to the front lines as military provisions. A large number of performers from Northeast theatrical troupes also arrived in Shenyang, hoping to participate in activities to boost the morale of the troops. As for the recruitment stations set up by the Northeast government in major cities, they were met with long lines every day. Major newspapers in Northeast China published numerous supportive articles from local gentry and celebrities, such as "Support Zhang Shaoshuai's insistence on resistance" and "Zhang Shaoshuai, you have us in Northeast China even if you don't have Nanjing!"
Your Majesty, I also concur with the Prime Minister's words. The Kwantung Army has repeatedly acted with arrogance and caused disturbances, which have often brought shame to our Empire. The recent disastrous defeat is a further disgrace to our Imperial Army. Over time, what remains of our military's prestige?" said Sugiyama Moto, the Director of Education and Military Councilor.
Minister He studied at the Tokyo Military Academy in Japan back in the day, and he has a special affection for Japan. Naturally, he does not wish for any conflicts or disputes between China and Japan, " remarked General Cheng Qian, Chief of Staff of the General Staff Headquarters, with a hint of sarcasm.
The reaction within the Nationalist Party's controlled area in Shanhaiguan was nothing short of earth-shattering. People from all walks of life condemned Chiang Kai-shek's absurd "non-resistance" order, and articles supporting Zhang Xueliang while denouncing the Nanjing government were prevalent in newspapers. Not only in other regions, but even within Nanjing itself, thousands of patriotic citizens took to the streets to protest the central government's issuance of the "non-resistance" order, strongly demanding that the authorities support Zhang Xueliang in his fight against the Japanese invaders. Slogans such as "Do not abandon the Northeast!" and "Support the Northeast in resisting the Japanese invaders!" echoed like rolling thunder, compelling the Nanjing government to deploy military and police forces to disperse and obstruct the demonstrations.
"Young Marshal, if we engage in battle with the Kwantung Army without receiving instructions from Nanjing, won't that be..." Rong Zhen expressed his concerns
"Damn that old Chiang!" Zhang Zongchang first slammed his fist on the table, then, feeling indignant, said, "Even so, our army still has 300,000 troops, which is still double the number of the Japanese forces!"
Furthermore, in order to prevent the sudden crossing of the Yalu River by the Japanese army from North Korea into the heart of our northeastern Jilin region, our military had no choice but to deploy the forces of two main divisions along with reserve militia units to protect the Yalu River defense line, Rong Zhen added
The subordinates conspired and made a grave error, causing significant losses to the Kwantung Army, which not only undermined the majesty of the Empire of Japan but also implicated the Commander-in-Chief. The subordinates are willing to immediately go to Tokyo to bear the responsibility together to prevent the Commander-in-Chief from being implicated. In the headquarters of the Kwantung Army in Lushun, Ishihara Kan'ei, Toihara Kenji, and others knelt on the ground, mourning as if they had lost their parents, and pleaded for forgiveness from Mutō Nobuyoshi
At the time when Mutō Nobuyoshi was actively mobilizing troops, Zhang Xueliang had already swiftly issued orders to the grassroots units in Shenyang. Zhang Xueliang immediately realized that due to the historical "butterfly effect," the "September 18 Incident" had been delayed from its historical date of September 18, 1931, to the present date of October 15, 1933. Regardless of the circumstances, the Japanese Kwantung Army had finally begun to take action in Northeast China, and the true rewriting of history was set to occur tonight. In the darkness, emergency calls from various Northeast Army divisions rang out one after another, as officers received Zhang Xueliang's prophetic orders for counterattacks. The sleeping soldiers were awakened, and ammunition and artillery were taken out from the warehouses. The Northeast Army, roused by the Kwantung Army, resembled a lion awakening from slumber, quietly gathering strength to deliver a fatal blow when the enemy launched their attack.
Lieutenant Ogawa, who was shocked to learn of the severity of the situation, quickly dialed the office of General Mutō Nobuyoshi, the Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army, only to be informed that the general was taking a bath. In a state of panic, Ogawa then called the residence of Major General Miyake Mitsuharu, the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army. Major General Miyake was also at a loss for words, and after a moment of stunned silence, he urgently ordered Ogawa to notify all senior staff of the Kwantung Army to gather at Miyake's residence.
"A soldier must be willing to sacrifice their life to protect the homeland. If the enemy comes and we do not resist, what purpose do we serve?"
The overall commander of the Japanese army remains our old friend General Mutō Nobuyoshi. Yu Xuezhong stepped forward to replace Zhang Xueliang, pointing at the map hanging on the wall, which was exaggeratedly precise to a ratio of one to ten thousand, and continued, "According to intelligence, the Japanese army has currently formulated a military operation plan codenamed 'Ming'. Its objective is to occupy Shenyang and eliminate our elite forces, thereby forcing our Northeast government to surrender. The specific operational plan is roughly as follows: one division of the Japanese army will advance westward to cut off the connection between Shenyang and the provinces of Chahar, Suiyuan, and Rehe, while another division will move eastward to capture Andong, opening up the river route from Korea to Northeast China. The main forces of the Japanese army will launch a full-scale attack on the key areas of Shenyang."
Now we have two options: either we honestly comply with this absurd order and retreat into the interior, or we disregard the orders from Nanjing and take up our guns to fight the Japanese to the death" Zhang Xueliang said sternly
Of course, we will fight hard against the Japanese!" the crowd exclaimed angrily
Currently, the Kwantung Army has suffered significant losses; could this also be where the Imperial Army's sincerity lies
On October 16, upon learning of the Northeast Incident, the Japanese government, led by Prime Minister Saito Makoto, immediately convened a national assembly. Cabinet members urgently instructed the Minister of the Army and the Chief of Staff to send telegrams to the Kwantung Army. During the national assembly, after listening to the embellished report from the representative of the Kwantung Army, the dissenting national assembly members engaged in heated debates that escalated into incessant arguments, with a torrent of abusive language being exchanged. Ultimately, this even led to physical confrontations, nearly evolving into one of the most significant brawls in Japanese history. Amidst the chaotic assembly, a short and unattractive member leaped onto the table and, under the gaze of the crowd, waved his arms and shouted: "I believe! For those ignorant Chinese, they can only be taught a lesson, and then another lesson! As long as warships filled with Imperial Army soldiers dock in the Northeast, those Chinese will understand the formidable might of the Empire of Japan!" This declaration won loud applause from the hawkish members of the assembly.
Your Majesty! I believe that although the Kwantung Army acts recklessly, all its members are loyal soldiers of the Empire. Their independent actions are aimed at expanding the Empire's interests in Manchuria, and their motives and objectives are commendable in their loyalty. How can they be punished?" General Shirakawa Yoshinori, the Minister of War, opposed this.
Shirakawa Yoshinori was overjoyed, as it seemed that the Emperor was also inclined towards his side. This not only meant that the Kwantung Army would not be punished, but also that reinforcements could be sent to the Northeast. Thinking of this, he exclaimed: "Five divisions! The army only needs to increase its strength by five divisions to completely conquer Manchuria, establishing the first step for the hegemony of our Empire"
When the Kwantung Army was installing explosives to blow up the Manchurian Railway and provoke an incident, Colonel Seishiro Itagaki was pacing back and forth in the operations room of the Kwantung Army Advisory Office in the northern part of the city, mumbling indistinctly in Japanese: "In the journey of life, one must give their all." This had been his motto for many years. After more than 30 years of military service and having endured the trials of the Russo-Japanese War, he had become a staunch militarist. However, at this moment, he appeared restless; as the highest commander to fire the first shot for the Empire of Japan's invasion of Manchuria, he felt an inexplicable excitement, yet was slightly tense due to the many unknowns. Just as he was lost in thought, a loud explosion echoed across the sky, followed by a series of cannon fire. Itagaki was overjoyed; at this point, there was no turning back, and he immediately used the radio at hand to privately command the mobilization of troops to engage in battle. The Japanese Consul General in Shenyang, Morishima Mamoru, was awakened by the thunderous cannon fire and hurried over, asking: "Colonel Itagaki, what is the cannon fire outside? Is it an exercise?" Itagaki, with a face full of indignation and determination, replied: "Due to the Chinese army's destruction of the Manchurian Railway, which has severely harmed our interests, our military is taking action, and I ask for the consulate's active cooperation." A stunned Morishima inquired who had issued the combat orders, to which Itagaki nonchalantly responded: "Since this is an emergency, the commander is in Lushun, so I issued the orders on his behalf." Finally, under Morishima's repeated urging, he reluctantly sent a telegram to the Kwantung Army headquarters to report the matter.
At around 11 o'clock, senior staff members of the Kwantung Army were abruptly awakened from their slumber. Upon learning of the emergency incident, they hurriedly rushed to the Miyake Mansion like sparks flying. Due to the suddenness of the situation, most of them arrived in their pajamas, while only Ishihara Kan'ei appeared in a complete military uniform. Everyone admired Ishihara for maintaining his military appearance under such urgent circumstances, only to later realize that he had already dressed in his uniform at home in anticipation of the incident.
As a soldier, defending the homeland and fighting against the Japanese invaders is also considered a 'troublesome' act. Minister He truly has profound insights
The Kwantung Army suffered heavy casualties after a night of battle, with the attacking troops facing a counterattack from the Northeast Army that had been "well-prepared". Nearly half of the five independent defense battalions were killed or wounded, and over 300 men from the Second Division died under the artillery fire of the Northeast Army. Simultaneously, members of the Kwantung Army advisory group and consulate officials in Shenyang were all unceremoniously detained by Zhang Xueliang, truly a case of lifting a stone only to drop it on one's own foot. This incident was also an action taken by the Kwantung Army without the consent of the Tokyo government and the Japanese Army General Staff. The Second Division lost over 300 men to the artillery fire of the Northeast Army, and the advisory group and consulate officials in Shenyang were similarly detained by Zhang Xueliang, again illustrating the self-destructive nature of their actions. The Kwantung Army, stationed far from the homeland for many years, had developed a habit of defying orders and acting first while reporting later, typically informing Tokyo of their plans only after the actions were completed, as was the case with the bombing that killed Zhang Zuolin. Later, General Kamimura Kiyotaka and others who were recalled to the homeland received only light penalties, which raised suspicions of cover-up. Moreover, the Japanese Army General Staff turned a blind eye to the repeated transgressions of the Kwantung Army, allowing them to act with increasing boldness over time. Ultimately, they took the initiative to provoke the "11.15 Incident", but this time they suffered severe setbacks. Realizing the gravity of their misstep, figures like Mutō Nobuyoshi could only resign themselves to waiting for punitive orders from Tokyo.
The sudden upheaval in Northeast China has shaken the entire world, drawing the attention of countries globally to the tumultuous Northeast Asia
In comparison to the lack of confidence displayed in the official statements of the Kwantung Army, the Northeast Army's stance is much more assertive. The Northeast Army publicly declared that the "Northeast Incident" was entirely a deliberate provocation by the Japanese Kwantung Army, and that the Northeast Army was merely conducting a defensive counterattack. Present at the press conference was General Wang Yizhe, commander of the 107th Division, along with officials from the Northeast Propaganda Department who presented a substantial amount of evidence, including confiscated firearms used by the Kwantung Army, as well as numerous photographs depicting the bodies of fallen Japanese soldiers. This served as a resounding rebuttal to the Kwantung Army's self-justifying narrative of being "forced to defend themselves while inflicting heavy casualties on the Northeast Army." Additionally, there were a large number of documents seized from Itagaki Seishiro and the Japanese Consulate in Shenyang, providing irrefutable proof that the Kwantung Army was the one that actively instigated the conflict, which had been premeditated by them. Furthermore, Wang Yizhe announced that Commander Zhang, out of humanitarian considerations, had ordered the bodies of the Japanese soldiers who died in the conflict to be handed over to the Kwantung Army in batches, "hoping that the Kwantung Army could learn a lesson from this incident where they attempted to steal a chicken but ended up losing rice." Wang Yizhe concluded his remarks with this unabashedly contemptuous statement towards the Kwantung Army. As for the Kwantung Army's claims of "apology and compensation," that is something they can only dream of, as the Northeast government is also preparing to demand compensation and an apology from the Kwantung Army.
After hanging up the phone, Mutō Nobuyoshi was finally free from the arduous task of acting. He picked up the phone and issued a series of commands in a loud and commanding voice: mobilize the 2nd and 3rd Independent Guard Battalions to immediately reinforce the 1st Battalion; mobilize the 2nd Division to attack Shenyang; the 4th Independent Guard Battalion to attack Yingkou; and the 5th Independent Guard Battalion to attack Andong (now Dandong). By the time these operational orders were issued, it was already around 1 a.m. on the 15th. Mutō Nobuyoshi then called General Hayashi Shijirō, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army in Korea, requesting him to prepare troops and operational supplies to assist the Kwantung Army at any time, and to mobilize the 2nd Division to attack Shenyang; the 4th Independent Guard Battalion to attack Yingkou; and the 5th Independent Guard Battalion to attack Andong (now Dandong). After issuing these operational orders, it was already around 1 a.m. on the 15th. Mutō Nobuyoshi then called General Hayashi Shijirō again, requesting him to prepare troops and operational supplies to assist the Kwantung Army, and then waited with others in the conference room for reports from the front lines.
The various disgraceful behaviors of the virtually powerless National Assembly (where the Japanese government's authority is concentrated in the Cabinet and the military) were starkly contrasted by the solemn and serious atmosphere of the Imperial Conference held in the Imperial Palace on the morning of August 17
Zhang Xueliang coldly and solemnly said: "Chiang Kai-shek claims that 'to resist external threats, one must first stabilize internal affairs,' which is why he wants us to adopt a policy of gradual concession towards the Japanese. But where can we retreat to? Retreat into the interior? Abandon these six provinces and two cities in Northeast China, leaving behind forty million fellow countrymen, this land of Baishan and Heishui where we have lived for generations, this homeland that we have painstakingly built, all handed over to the wolves with ambitions of the Japanese? Are you willing to do that?" Abandon these six provinces and two cities in Northeast China, leaving behind forty million fellow countrymen, this land of Baishan and Heishui where we have lived for generations, this homeland that we have painstakingly built, all handed over to the wolves with ambitions of the Japanese? Are you willing to do that?"
The Emperor's body moved slightly, and after a long while, he spoke. His heavy and ethereal voice seemed to come from a distant void
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Lieutenant Ogawa, on duty in the command post's duty room, groggily got out of bed to answer and record this earth-shattering news
The time has come! Hebon glanced at the luminous watch on his wrist; the hands pointed to 10:30. This moment would be etched in history! Hebon felt his blood surging restlessly, boiling with excitement. "Gentlemen! For His Majesty the Emperor and the Empire! Charge!" The fervent soldiers of the Kanto Army had eyes that glimmered with a wolf-like intensity in the darkness
As expected by Zhang Xueliang, the senior commanders of the Northeast Army erupted in uproar after hearing Chiang Kai-shek's order of "non-resistance" in the basement conference hall of the Shenyang border defense headquarters
"Then, in your opinion, how should this matter be resolved?" Zhang Xueliang retorted
What exactly was on Chiang Kai-shek's mind
At the moment when both sides were engaged in a fierce war of words, the "guardians" of both parties—the Nanjing government and the Tokyo government—fell into a brief silence.
The hall fell silent, and everyone secretly thought to themselves, indeed, if the Kwantung Army were dealt with, it would essentially indicate that Japan feared the Northeast Army in front of the Nanjing government and the Northeast government. Where would that leave the dignity of the great Japanese Empire
Additionally, our military possesses two advantages: we are engaged in domestic operations and are familiar with the terrain, and we also receive support and assistance from our citizens, which is something the Japanese army cannot have
107th Division, Wang Yizhe put down the phone and, facing Deputy Division Commander Dai Lianxi and Chief of Staff Zhao Zhenfan along with other officers, spoke with a stern voice: "The Young Marshal's order! Hit them back hard!" The officers responded in unison: "Yes!" Years of repeated tolerance towards the Japanese had built up a repressed anger within the officers, which was about to erupt today
At 1:30 AM, the two independent garrison battalions of the Kwantung Army set out towards the location of fierce combat between the first battalion and the 107th Division. At this moment, the situation of the Independent Garrison First Battalion could only be described as horrific, with the entire unit suffering over fifty percent casualties under the rapid counterattack of the Northeast Army. Outside the North Camp, the grass was littered with the bizarrely mutilated bodies of Kwantung soldiers, some mangled beyond recognition by Maxim machine gun fire, while others were blown to pieces by grenades. Reinforced by additional troops, the first battalion concentrated the strength of two and a half battalions to launch a renewed assault. In the darkness, the Japanese forces surged towards the North Camp like a tide, with bullets from Type 38 rifles and 30 caliber rifles flying back and forth in the night. The Northeast Army officers and soldiers shot illuminating flares into the night sky, the dazzling light from the flares illuminating the darkness, instantly exposing the charging Japanese troops. Those revealed in the light immediately fell in neat rows under the intense fire from the Northeast Army's light and heavy machine guns and rifles. The most terrifying for the Japanese was the Northeast Army's Type 29 rocket launcher, which fired a volley of rockets trailing scorching flames at over 1,500 degrees Celsius into the midst of the Japanese forces, resulting in either death or injury within a ten-meter diameter circle. The severely battered Japanese forces could only weakly retaliate with the mortars and grenade launchers they carried, as shells flew back and forth between both sides. The Japanese artillery frequently fired in an attempt to suppress the firepower of the Northeast Army, while the 3rd Heavy Artillery Regiment of the Northeast Army, part of the 107th Division, launched a fierce counterattack with 180mm howitzers. Shells weighing fifty-five kilograms fell upon the Japanese artillery positions at a speed of 400 meters per second, causing heavy casualties among the Japanese gunners.
"Unwilling!" The crowd shouted in unison, their eyes red like a tsunami.
The Japanese army has only 150,000 troops, while our forces number 400,000. Moreover, we have a large reserve of militia. I believe defeating the Japanese army is not a difficult task," said Zhang Zongchang, the Deputy Commander of the Rehe Garrison, with a sense of indifference.
However, the battle reports submitted to them by various departments after dawn left these valiant warriors utterly astonished
A mere thirty thousand troops rashly attacking over three hundred thousand troops of the Northeast Army is no different from setting oneself on fire. From the Huanggutun Incident to the assassination of Zhang Xueliang, and up to the current Northeast Incident, it is evident that the troops of the Kwantung Army are short-sighted and only know how to act recklessly. What does it mean to be loyal and brave soldiers of the empire?" replied Motoharu Sugiyama.
Chairman! He Yingqin stepped forward and said, although he also agreed with Chen Cheng's statement, he still wanted to pour some cold water on it. Zhang Xueliang is indeed too extreme, but his faction in Northeast China occupies six provinces and two municipalities in the north, wielding significant power. It is likely that resolving this through military means is not as straightforward as Minister Chen imagines; a political approach to appeasement should be adopted instead.
Zhang Xueliang solemnly stated: "Indeed! To conquer China, one must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia. To conquer the world, one must first conquer China! The Japanese must conquer China before they can conquer the world, and to conquer China, they must first conquer Manchuria and Mongolia! Therefore, when the Japanese move, we in the Northeast are the first to bear the brunt! Ladies and gentlemen! Please understand! This incident in the Northeast is not a mere accidental military friction, but the first step in the Japanese attempt to conquer China! The Japanese, with their wolfish ambitions, seek to swallow all of China, all of Asia, and even the entire world! This incident in the Northeast is not a mere accidental military friction, but the first step in the Japanese attempt to conquer China! The Japanese, with their wolfish ambitions, seek to swallow all of China, all of Asia, and even the entire world! Since the First Sino-Japanese War, we have been enduring the ambitions of this wolf named Japan! Modern China has declined and fallen, while Japan has risen by learning from the West. After becoming strong, Japan disregards the gratitude owed to our Chinese culture that has been passed down for thousands of years, and instead seeks to steal our Chinese treasures, annex our precious islands of Taiwan and Ryukyu, and the Treaty of Shimonoseki forced the decaying and incompetent Qing Dynasty to pay two hundred million taels of silver in one go. For this ungrateful wolf, mere compromise and retreat will only allow it to take an inch and demand a mile; you give an inch, and it will push for a mile. So what should we do? What should we do? We can only strike back fiercely! We must retaliate fiercely! We must teach it a severe lesson! Only then will it know who its ancestors are! In the face of the Japanese aggression, I bear not only the hatred of the nation but also the enmity of my family!
"Ting Wu, could you summarize the comparison of our military strengths?" Zhang Xueliang said to Wang Shuchang
Indeed, Chairman! Zhang Xueliang actually engaged in a night of fighting with the Japanese without notifying the central government. Now the Japanese government has sent representatives to demand an explanation from the central authorities, which puts the national government in a very passive position internationally. Chen Cheng remarked, "I suggest that we should properly rectify Zhang Xueliang's actions in the Northeast."
Mutou remained silent, akin to a prisoner awaiting judgment, quietly waiting with the others for the call from Tokyo
Upon hearing the news, everyone was greatly astonished; the armed conflict between the Kwantung Army and the Northeast Army had already become a foregone conclusion. After reading the telegram, Ishihara spoke in a tone filled with grievances: "Your Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief! The Chinese army is firing upon us; how can we stand idly by? We are currently at a significant disadvantage, but for the sake of the Empire's interests, please allow Sakaguchi and the others to serve the Emperor faithfully!"
Mutō Nobuyoshi let out a slight sigh: "Ishihara-kun, Doiwara-kun, and all of you, please rise! Given the circumstances, as the Supreme Commander of the Kanto Army, I also bear an undeniable responsibility. I am old, while you are still young. The Empire needs vibrant and passionate young people like you. Whatever punishment awaits in Tokyo, let me bear it all!"
"As you have said, I hope you will not disappoint my high expectations." The Emperor decreed.
"Bring me the Young Marshal!" commanded Wang Yizhe to the signal troops
One of the main protagonists of the incident, the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in Northeast China, took the initiative to report first, broadcasting to the world that the "Northeast Incident" was entirely caused by the deliberate sabotage of the South Manchuria Railway by the 107th Infantry Division of the Northeast Army, and that the Kwantung Army's garrison was compelled to retaliate in self-defense, resulting in significant casualties among the Northeast Army. The day after the incident, a press conference was held at the Kwantung Army headquarters in Lushun. Colonel Ishihara Kan'ichi, a senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army, presented a series of "ironclad evidence" to both Chinese and foreign journalists at the conference. For instance, he showcased photographs of the bodies of Northeast Army soldiers killed by the Kwantung Army patrol units, images of casualties among the Kwantung Army caused by ambushes from the Northeast Army, military caps and uniforms found on the bodies of deceased Northeast Army soldiers at the scene, and fragments of explosives used by the Northeast Army, among others. At the press conference, Ishihara Kan'ichi "sternly" accused the Northeast Army of sabotaging the South Manchuria Railway and ambushing the Kwantung Army, and he condemned the arbitrary arrests of Japanese officials stationed in Northeast China, claiming that such actions were an insult to the Empire of Japan, violated its sovereignty, and harmed its interests. He stated that these actions were detrimental to the stability and development of Northeast China, as well as to the friendship between the two countries and their mutual interests in the region. Ishihara Kan'ichi, representing the Kwantung Army, demanded that the Northeast government apologize to the Kwantung Army and the Japanese government within a specified timeframe and compensate for the related losses.
Mutō Nobuyoshi, who participated in the Russo-Japanese War, understood that although he currently commanded more than 6 divisions, his total military strength was still only about half of the regular forces of the Northeast Army. The objective of this campaign was not to annihilate Zhang Xueliang's entire army, but merely to conquer the Northeast government. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to eliminate the elite troops that Zhang Xueliang relied on for survival and to occupy his stronghold—Shenyang—thereby compelling Zhang Xueliang to surrender. To this end, the Kwantung Army's General Staff formulated a military plan codenamed "Ming". To achieve this goal, it was necessary to eliminate the elite troops that Zhang Xueliang relied on for survival and to occupy his stronghold—Shenyang—thereby compelling Zhang Xueliang to surrender. To this end, the Kwantung Army's General Staff formulated a military plan codenamed "Ming"
Since the Meiji Emperor's restoration and the establishment of the empire, the great achievements of the empire have progressed daily, and the contributions of the imperial army and navy cannot be overlooked. In order to establish the empire's permanent dominance in East Asia, the imperial forces must always be prepared for overseas expeditions. However, how many troops are needed to resolve the Northeast Incident?
Chairman! In my humble opinion, regarding Zhang Xueliang's conflict with the Japanese Kwantung Army, the Central Government should neither reward nor punish him. Zhang Xueliang is indeed not at fault, and punishing him could dampen the morale of the Nationalist military leaders. However, if the Central Government rewards Zhang Xueliang, it would effectively provide the Japanese government with the narrative that 'Zhang Xueliang's actions were sanctioned by the Nationalist Government,' putting the Central Government in a passive position. We can only suggest to Zhang Xueliang to cease military conflicts with the Kwantung Army and, in dealing with the Japanese government, try to downplay this incident as a local armed conflict between two regional forces rather than a conflict between two national governments, thus giving the Japanese a way to step back. After all, the Japanese have suffered considerable losses in this incident, and it would be beneficial for Zhang Xueliang to teach the arrogant Japanese a lesson. This is a calm analysis from 'Little Zhuge' Bai Chongxi.